The Twelfth Day of July
The book "The Twelfth day of July" takes place in Ireland in the streets of Belfast. There are two groups with different religions. The Protestants and the Catholics. In the Protestant area...
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The Song of Songs (Study Guide)
Study Guide for The Song of Songs All references to the Song of Songs are to Michael V. Fox's translation as published in The Song of Songs and the Ancient Egyptian Love Songs (Madison:...
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The Pearl
John Steinbeck "The Pearl" Author John Steinbeck was born in 1902 in Salinas (California) and was of Westfalian descent on his father’s side and of Irish on his mother’s side....
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Vietnam War
Chronology of the Vietnam - War
1858 Vietnam is annexed by France
1887 Vietnam and Cambodia is ruled by France
1939 - 1941: Viet Minh seeks for independence
1945: The Viet Minh begins a war against French occupation with attacks in the North.
(declaration of independence - French offers only a free - state freedom)
1950: The USA begins to provide military and economic aid to the French in Indochina.
1954: The French are defeated. an agreement is signed, in October the Viet Minh take formal control over North Vietnam. ( Vietnam divided into North and South )
1956: A US military advisory group replaces French training of the South Vietnamese army.
1961: The (Communist) National Liberation Front (NLF) is formed in South Vietnam. US - President Kennedy sends special forces and military advisors to South Vietnam.
1963: In November, South Vietnam’s president Diem is overthrown in a military coup. Kennedy is assassinated and Lyndon B. Johnson is sworn in.
1964: After an attack by North Vietnamese torpedo boats on two US destroyers, the US Congress enables the president in order to take revanche in a military way.
1965: Johnson increases US military forces. (Ã 1967 - US forces in Vietnam total 465.000.)
1969: US - President Nixon takes 25.000 US troops away from Vietnam, which called "policy of Vietnamization".
1972: In August, US ground troops leave South Vietnam. The US Airforce rests in Vietnam (Ã bombs on Hanoi, Haiphong, harbours of North Vietnam)
1973: A cease - fire agreement is signed in Paris ( US - troops are taken away from Vietnam à officially end of war.); BUT: the fights between North - V. and South - V. continue.
1975 After the capture of Saigon South - Vietnam capitulates.
1976 Proclamation of the Social Republic of Vietnam
Consequences
1963 Ã In South - Vietnam approximately 15.000 american soldiers are deployed.
1964 Ã The publication of documents about the development of the Vietnam - War reduces the credibility of the Johnson government.
1965 Ã Mainly the young generation starts to demonstrate against the war.-
à The maximum of the Anti - War - Movement is reached when more than 200.000 protesters walk towards the Pentagon.
1970 Ã In may 6 students die during a demonstration.
1965 Ã 6.3 million tons of bombs were going down on Vietnam. In the Second World War
- 1971 ca. 2.1 million tons of bombs went down on Africa, Asia and Europe.
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à The War Powers Act becomes a law, to limit the power of the president.
- 1974 Ã A big imigration wave starts from South - Vietnam.
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à The western countries (except Sweden) don’t help to rebuild Vietnam.
Ca. 2.5 million people lost their lifes.
The war costs more than 185 billion $.
More than 50.000 veterans admit suicide after the war.
The dimension of human sorrow and the destruction of nature, culture and industry is undefinable.
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